analysisCellulose has a crystalline structure, contrary to hemicellulosesand lignin, which are amorphous in nature. According to, cellulose has a crystalline structure due to hydrogenbonding interactions and Van der Waals forces between adjacentmolecules. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out in orderto evaluate the crystallinity of the garlic straw after different chem-ical treatment steps. The chemical treatment performed on naturalfibres can affect the crystallinity of cellulose. For example, diluteacid has no effect on the crystalline domains, but destroys theamorphous region of the fibre . On theother hand, also reported that thealkali treatment can be performed onto the plant fibres to increasethe stiffness of fibre as the impurities present in the fibres can beremoved during this treatment. Therefore the crystallinity of chem-ically treated fibres can be determined and compared to untreatedfibres to evaluate the effectiveness of the chemical treatment.