Nanostructured Ti, cpTi, and Ti-6Al-4 V alloy mini-implants were
machined by turning, cleaned, and passivated with nitric acid (HNO3).
The mini-implants had a cylindrical screw design and a hexagonal
shaped head (6.0 mm x ∅ 2.0 mm; Conexão Sistemas de Próteses, SP,
Brazil) A total of 15 mini-implants were used in this study (Fig. 1).