Subsequently, the solid cake’s concentration is adjusted to a suitable value for cell wall disruption, via either mechanical or non-mechanical means, to release intracellular products. Mechanical methods (bead mill, ultrasonication, hydrodynamic cavitation, and homogenization) are commonly used to disrupt cell walls with applied energy. Non mechanical methods include physical, chemical and biological processes; however, all are under development (Lee et al., 2012a,b). Energy consumption (in MJ) for 1 kg dry biomass decreases in the following order: high pressure homogenization (530) > bead mills (500) > microwave (420) > ultrasonication (130) > high-speed homogenization (70) > hydrodynamic cavitation (30). The microalgae after cell wall disruption are dried to a moisture content of 10% via freeze drying or spray drying.