1. Introduction
Okra is a plant which is widely
cultivated in the tropics, sub-tropics and warm, temperate regions
around the world including Africa, Asia and North America with
total trade estimated to over $5 billion. Okra extracts
obtained from fresh okra pod, are naturally available, inexpensive
and non-toxic biopolymers, which make okra an attractive resource
for industrial applications. The polysaccharides within okra extracts
are predominately pectins. Pectins are acidic heteropolysaccharides
consisting of three segments, namely
homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan
II (RG-II) regions . Homogalacturonan (HG) is mainly composed of a-(1 /4)
linked a-D-galacturonic acid (GalA) residues containing methyl
esterified carboxyl groups and partially acetylated hydroxyl groups
at O-2 and/or O-3 positions. RG-I branches consist of repeating
units of a-(1 / 4) linked a-D-galacturonic acid and a-(1 / 2)
linked a-L-rhamnose. Rhamnose residues of RG-I regions may also
contain arabinan, galactan and/or arabinogalactan side chains at
rhamnose 4-O positions. The RG-II domain
has a backbone similar to previous units but its structure is more
complex due to the presence of a diverse range of sugar monomers
. Like many other biopolymers, the physicochemical
properties of okra polysaccharides are amenable to
interdisciplinary applications between the pharmaceutical and
food industry in both dry and hydrated systems.
Hydrophilic matrix tablets are the most frequently employed
oral drug delivery devices for controlled drug release applications
. Furthermore, the use of naturally resourced
biopolymers has gained considerable attention in the last few decades,
as they have the potential to be utilised in the wide range of
pharmaceutical formulations including matrix tablets, topical gels
and emulsions . Owing to their cost effectiveness,
availability and good regulatory acceptance they have the ability to
compete with the semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers in the
market. A number of natural and
modified polysaccharides, such as xanthan gum, guar gum , grewia gum
1. IntroductionOkra is a plant which is widelycultivated in the tropics, sub-tropics and warm, temperate regionsaround the world including Africa, Asia and North America withtotal trade estimated to over $5 billion. Okra extractsobtained from fresh okra pod, are naturally available, inexpensiveand non-toxic biopolymers, which make okra an attractive resourcefor industrial applications. The polysaccharides within okra extractsare predominately pectins. Pectins are acidic heteropolysaccharidesconsisting of three segments, namelyhomogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonanII (RG-II) regions . Homogalacturonan (HG) is mainly composed of a-(1 /4)linked a-D-galacturonic acid (GalA) residues containing methylesterified carboxyl groups and partially acetylated hydroxyl groupsat O-2 and/or O-3 positions. RG-I branches consist of repeatingunits of a-(1 / 4) linked a-D-galacturonic acid and a-(1 / 2)linked a-L-rhamnose. Rhamnose residues of RG-I regions may alsocontain arabinan, galactan and/or arabinogalactan side chains atrhamnose 4-O positions. The RG-II domainhas a backbone similar to previous units but its structure is morecomplex due to the presence of a diverse range of sugar monomers. Like many other biopolymers, the physicochemicalproperties of okra polysaccharides are amenable tointerdisciplinary applications between the pharmaceutical andfood industry in both dry and hydrated systems.เม็ดเมทริกซ์ hydrophilic จะจ้างบ่อยที่สุดยาปากจัดส่งอุปกรณ์สำหรับปล่อยยาควบคุม. นอกจากนี้ ใช้ธรรมชาติ resourcedbiopolymers ได้รับความสนใจมากในไม่กี่ทศวรรษมีศักยภาพในการใช้ในช่วงกว้างยาสูตรรวมเม็ดเมทริกซ์ เจเฉพาะและ emulsions เนื่องจากต้นทุนประสิทธิภาพความพร้อมและยอมรับการกำกับดูแลที่ดีมีความสามารถในการแข่งขันกับโพลิเมอร์กึ่งสังเคราะห์ และสังเคราะห์ในการตลาด จำนวนธรรมชาติ และแก้ไข polysaccharides, xanthan หมากฝรั่ง กัม guar หมากฝรั่ง grewia
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