The mixtures were placed in the Dark for 30 min; The absorbance of each sample was read at 515 nm using a spectrophotometer (UV–vis model 1601, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Experiments were carried out three times. Data were expressed as percent inhibition of free radicals compared with the standard DPPH solution. The percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity of each sample was calculated as shown