Fermented meat products may be contaminated by L. monocytogenes at several stages. The raw materials may be contaminated from the slaughterhouse environment, during the production process or by contact with contaminated unprocessed raw materials, unclean surfaces or people (Chasseignaux et al., 2002 [13]; Thévenot et al., 2006 [34]) in the post-processing stages (Colak et al., 2007 [83]). L. monocytogenes is among the most frequently-detected pathogens in dry fermented sausages, and several studies have documented the prevalence of the pathogen in fermented sausages (Table 2), reaching prevalence levels of up to 40%–45%