Finally, our results should be considered in the context ofthe cross-sectional design of the NHANES instrument.While we explored nutritional intake (including moisture)in our multivariable models, we did not find importantassociations with a history of stone disease. This finding isconsistent with the findings from the NHANES III analysis,in which significant associations between dietary factorsand stone history were not observed [1]. Since the temporalrelationship of participant diet at the time of NHANES and apast history of stone disease is unclear, it is not surprisingthat prospectively identified associations between diet andincident stone disease [4,5] were not observed in this crosssectionaldesign.