Textile materials such as cotton, linen, wool, etc., are susceptible to be attacked by various harmful microorganisms present in the atmosphere. Most of these microorganisms are non pathogenic but can become opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions. Therefore, the bacterial adherence on textile fabrics is an important field of study to prevent the growth and further proliferation of these harmful organisms. In the present work, we have discussed the important factors that influence the adherence of microbes on textile materials including nature of microbes, nature of fabrics, and environmental conditions that may accelerate or prevent their growth. The first step involved during the attachment is the bacteria come in contact with the substrate to allow the initial attachment. Forces involved during this initial attachment are weak Vander Waal forces, electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonding. The next step is irreversible attachment of cells with the surface. In this paper we have discussed the adherence of various microorganisms with different textile materials, important factors that influence the initial adherence, mechanism of adherence, and ill effects of adherence on fabrics.