Cause-and-Effect Diagram is a tool that helps
identify, sort, and display possible causes of a spec ific
problem or quality characteristic. It graphically illustrates
the interrelationships of various theories of the root cause
of a problem. Cause and Effect Diagram are commonly
referred to as Fishbone diagrams because the complete
diagram resembles a fish skeleton or as "Ishikawa
diagram" because it was invented by Kaoru Ishikawa. The
diagram illustrates the main causes and sub-causes leading
to an effect (symptom), (Scott and James, 2009). Cause
and Effect Diagram is constructed through the following
steps (Scott and James, 2009):