Product selection can also help: there are products that serve their function using less material than the standard solution and products that are especially durable and therefore won’t need replacement as often. Efficient use of materials also means moving from linear “cradle-to-grave” to cyclic “cradle-to-cradle” use of materials. As William McDonough, FAIA and Michael Braungart, Ph.D. have championed, rather than going to waste, the product or its materials should remain in use or be reintroduced into biological cycles. Products that are designed to be reusable, recyclable, or compostable facilitate this trend.