Porcine M. longissimus dorsi (crossbreed of Landrace × Yorkshire ×
Duroc, 6 month old hogs) was purchased randomly from both sides of
six carcasses 24 h post-mortem, and all visible fat and connective tissue
were completely trimmed off. The meat was ground once through an
8-mm plate and used for sample preparation without further storage.
Isolated soy protein (SP, N93% protein based on the manufacturer)
was kindly donated by Sias Corp. (Seoul, Korea), and CG (N95% purity)
was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Commercial
wheat flour (WF, 12% protein and 72% carbohydrate based on the
manufacturer) was purchased from a market. Additional ingredients,
including NaCl, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and GdL were food
grade, and all chemicals for analyses were of analytical grade.