Confidence to hold urine
Before the continencepromotion
program
Six weeks into
the program
After the program
(at 12 weeks)
At home 8 8 9
When out 5 6 7
At night 8 8 8
For 20 minutes when feeling urgency 3 5 9
When coughing 5 5 7
When sneezing 5 5 7
When laughing 5 5 8
When nervous 5 6 7
Confidence about:
Visiting places where restrooms may be
hard to find
2 4 8
Going on social outings without worrying
about urine loss
5 5 8
Not relying on continence pads at home 3 6 8
Not relying on continence pads when out 2 3 7
Total 56 66 93
a
The scale is: 0 = not at all confident; 10 = extremely confident. Higher scores show better self-efficacy (maximum score = 120). A 14-point
increase indicates a clinically meaningful improvement, whereas a five-point increase indicates any improvement.21