The support and willing participation of the three multinational accounting firms in Singapore and Australia are acknowledged with gratitude. Comments and suggestions from an anonymous reviewer, Professor Cheryl Lehman (Hofstra University, USA), participants of the 2003 IPA Conference Madrid, as well as contributions from Professor Neal Ashkanasy (University of Queensland, Australia) and Professor Peter Booth (University of Technology Sydney, Australia) are also gratefully acknowledged. Gerald Heng’s (KPMG Singapore) contribution to an earlier version of this paper is also acknowledged.