4. Conclusions
In this paper, a novel leady oxide was prepared via a low temperature
calcination of lead citrate precursor, and a new lead acid
battery was manufactured by the novel leady oxide. The paper
focused on the effect of SnSO4 as an electrolyte additive on the
electrochemistry performance and microstructural characteristics
of lead acid battery made from novel leady oxide.
(1) The as-prepared novel leady oxide with the ultrafine particle
size has 70e85 wt% PbO. Compared to traditional ball-milled
leady oxide, novel leady oxide samples show lower apparent
density, higher acid absorption and higher water absorption
values, and potentially exhibit excellent initial electrochemical
performance.
(2) CV results show that with the optimal addition of SnSO4
(2.24 mmol L1
) in an electrolyte, the WE shows the highest
discharge capacity. The major crystalline phase of the pastes
in WE are PbSO4 and a little amount of PbO2 and metallic Pb
at the end of discharging procedure in the 250th CV tests,
and the PbSO4 crystal particles apparently become smaller
with the addition of SnSO4 in an electrolyte.
(3) Battery testing results reveal that the optimal addition of
SnSO4 in electrolyte is 2.24 mmol L1
, and an electrolyte
additive of SnSO4 could effectively decrease PbO2 crystal
particle size in the positive active materials of the teardown
battery at the end of charging procedure. It indicates that
SnSO4 as an electrolyte additive could restrain larger particles
of irreversible sulfation in charge/discharge cycles of
testing battery.