QOS AND
PROTOCOL DESIGN ISSUES
One of the most important aspects in the smart network operation is to increase energy/costs savings without affecting QoS or QoE and implement dynamic control according to already existing protocols and standards. In radio networks a smooth transition between BS states should be performed by slightly reducing cell size until the BS is set in sleep mode and thus enabling a soft hand off mechanism. These procedures are supervised and implemented by the Operation Administration Management (OAM) part of the network as described in recent 3GPP Energy Saving Management (ESM) standards [2]. QoS is guaranteed according to traffic and load data that are processed at the OAM. The OAM then decides on the state of the network operation that is categorized at ESaving state, ES-Compensate state and NO-ES state and is controlled in a centralized, distributed or hybrid fashion [2]. The most practical solution is to perform the pseudo distributed control scheme given in [12] where a CBS takes decisions on the state of operation of the FBS and femtocells under its administrative domain. For the datacenter networks, QoS is related to the task execution delays and should be considered by the VM allocation strategy to keep QoS above thresholds. Under the recently developed standards for Demand Response and energy management (see OpenADR in the next section), it is clear that an orchestration of telecommunication and energy standards is required for the operation of the smart telecommunication network.