Physical function
Participants in four of the cohorts had their physical function measured when they completed the HADS. With the exception of those whose balance difficulties or need for a walking aid made standing on one leg impossible, all participants in the CaPS, HAS and HCS were asked to do a timed flamingo stand for a maximum of 30 s (Briggs et al. 1989).Participants in the HAS, HCS and LBC had their hand grip strength measured. Three measurements were made of both hands, using a Jamar dynamometer, and the maximum overall grip strength was used in the analysis.