Skills for head of cataloging positions at academic libraries are also reflecting the implications of
metadata. Among the findings of Zhu’s study of job advertisements for head of cataloging positions at
academic libraries was a rise in the requirement of knowledge of non-MARC metadata schemes and
digital resources (2008). A comparison in emerging job titles found in Zhu’s study and those found by
Khurshid (2003) five years earlier show a rise of the emerging term “metadata” among job titles in
advertisements. Khurshid found the term metadata in almost 5 percent of job titles advertised while Zhu
found the term in approximately 16 percent, a rise of about 11 percent in five years. While Khurshid’s
study included all cataloger positions and Zhu’s study focused on head of cataloging department
positions, the comparison between the two studies is still valid.
Khurshid