the Australians believed they were employing Japanese drinking norms.
Following Australian norms of behaviour, all four Australians held their beer glass slightly on a slant, they tended to employ a verbal expression of appreciation when a drink was poured for them, and furthermore, they revealed a preference to select their own bottle when pouring for another, rather than select the bottle of the recipient. The other two Australians who possessed little previous experience in Australian-Japanese contact situations did not apply any Japanese drinking norms and as a result of their failure to make reciprocal presentations, their conduct was marked as inadequate by the Japanese participants.