however, air pollution from automobile exhaust and the health effects of automobile exhaust on people
living along roads with heavy traffic began to attract the public's attention after an increase in the use of automobiles. The epidemiological surveys
carried out by the Environmental Agency and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government also have suggested unfavorable effects of automobile-caused air
pollution on people living in large cities or along major roads. To solve this problem, it seems imperative to promote the reasonable use of automobiles
and to work toward more efficient transportation of goods based on analyses of city structure, the life-styles of city dwellers, and the socioeconomic
composition of cities. In addition, the discharge of pollutants from automobiles could be controlled.