The results also show that photochemical oxidant formation (POF) and PMF impacts associated with MSW were up to 3 times higher compared to residues from food industry (Table 1). POF impacts, also called ozone or smog formation, are mainly caused by exhaust emissions like carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), and are associated with increased frequency and severity respiratory distress in humans (EEA, 2008). Detailed LCI analysis had shown that NOx and NMVOC emissions where 26 and 8 times higher, respectively, for MSW, compared to food residues (47.7 g NOx; 6.5 g NMVOC) (Poeschl et al., in press). The NOx and NMVOC emissions were mainly attributed to the primary energy inputs for collection, transportation, and pre-treatment of MSW feedstock (1032 MJPE t1) (Pöschl et al., 2010).