Conventional methods, such as culture and serology are not always adequate to detect the
pathogens in lower respiratory tract. Real-time PCR assays proved highly sensitive and rapid. The prevalence
of bacteria and multiple agent detected by real-time PCR compared with culture was substantially higher.
Widespread use of PCR methods, by providing the immediate and appropriate ‘’agent specific antibiotic
treatment’’ of LRTI, will help reduce failure and contributes to a reduction in antibiotic resistance.
KEY WORDS: Bacterial etiology, Culture, Lower respiratory tract infection, PCR.