Big picture
Introduction
from a tourism perspective, climate change is unlike most other human impacts on the natural environment, because the physical mechanism of impact operates both at a global scale and with time lags measured in decades or longer. Unlike impacts such as noise, sewage discharge, or loss of icon wildlife species, there is no local-scale link between the contributions which an individual tourism operation makes to greenhouse gas emissions and the consequences it experiences as a result of climate change. The ways in which different stakeholders at individual tourist destinations can respond to climate change, therefore, and the associated costs and benefits, are almost completely independent of the steps which the tourism industry, and is government regulators, might take to reduce the industry's net contribution to the problem. A few minor measures, such as increasing use of renewabla energy sources,may be seen both as mitigation measures and as adaptations to increased costs and public concerns over energy from fossil fuels. Across the tourism industry as a whole, however, such overlaps are negligble in scale, and mitigation and be adaptation can be addressed quite separately.
It is also worth noting that individuals and organisations, in tourism as in other sectors, do not simply adapt to climate change in a passive manner. They take active steps to respond to perceived risks and opportunities, and these responses are driven principally by their own interests rather than by any general concerns about humanity or the planet. When airlines propose carbon offset schemes, it is because they are concerned about loss of customers if carbon taxes increase airfares, not because they care about planting trees or about the well-being of impoverished communities which earn income from up-market wildlife tourists. When ski resorts argued for many years that climate change was just a scientists' scare. this was simply to buy time to reposition themselves as mountain resort-residential developments where retail, real estate, and summer activities far outweigh the financial significance of lift tickets.
Big picture
Introduction
from a tourism perspective, climate change is unlike most other human impacts on the natural environment, because the physical mechanism of impact operates both at a global scale and with time lags measured in decades or longer. Unlike impacts such as noise, sewage discharge, or loss of icon wildlife species, there is no local-scale link between the contributions which an individual tourism operation makes to greenhouse gas emissions and the consequences it experiences as a result of climate change. The ways in which different stakeholders at individual tourist destinations can respond to climate change, therefore, and the associated costs and benefits, are almost completely independent of the steps which the tourism industry, and is government regulators, might take to reduce the industry's net contribution to the problem. A few minor measures, such as increasing use of renewabla energy sources,may be seen both as mitigation measures and as adaptations to increased costs and public concerns over energy from fossil fuels. Across the tourism industry as a whole, however, such overlaps are negligble in scale, and mitigation and be adaptation can be addressed quite separately.
It is also worth noting that individuals and organisations, in tourism as in other sectors, do not simply adapt to climate change in a passive manner. They take active steps to respond to perceived risks and opportunities, and these responses are driven principally by their own interests rather than by any general concerns about humanity or the planet. When airlines propose carbon offset schemes, it is because they are concerned about loss of customers if carbon taxes increase airfares, not because they care about planting trees or about the well-being of impoverished communities which earn income from up-market wildlife tourists. When ski resorts argued for many years that climate change was just a scientists' scare. this was simply to buy time to reposition themselves as mountain resort-residential developments where retail, real estate, and summer activities far outweigh the financial significance of lift tickets.
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