The argument advanced in this present article is that PAM has actually passed through
three dominant modes – a longer, pre-eminent one of PA, from the late nineteenth
century through to the late 1970s/early 1980s; a second mode, of the NPM, through to
the start of the twenty-first century; and an emergent third one, of the NPG, since then.
The time of the NPM has thus in fact been a relatively brief and transitory one between
the statist and bureaucratic tradition of PA and the embryonic plural and pluralist tradition
of the NPG. The remainder of this article will briefly expound upon the extant natures of
PA and the NPM before arguing for the emergent characteristics of the NPG.