- In the city of Milwaukee in 1991, automobile use receives a total subsidy estimated to
average $426 per vehicle (road construction and maintenance, 30% of policing costs,
street lighting, stormwater management, air pollution and additional land consumption),
equivalent to three-quarters of the total city property tax levy. The researcher argues
that it is more fair and efficient to charge these costs directly to vehicle owners, which
would allow property taxes on a $50,000 house to be reduced by approximately $500.
Such as shift would result in-less pollution, less congestion and less sprawl, and a more
efficient local transportation system.