Cucurbitaceae family is major source of medicinal agents since ancient time. Various plants parts including fruits of
this family have been established for their pharmacological potential. In the series of Cucurbitaceae plants, Praecitrullus
fistulosus is one of the excellent plants, gifted by the nature having composition of all the essential constituents that are
required for normal and good human health. Genus Praecitrullus fistulosus is very similar to Citrullus in its morphological
characters, but differs in the stratification of pollen grains, haploid chromosome number and to some extent in leaf
morphology. . This study is an attempt to compile an up-to-date and comprehensive review of Praecitrullus fistulosus that
covers its traditional and folk medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology profile.