. Second, Thai agency-type APOs are not running at arm’s length from the centre of government: instead they are in the arm of the parent bureaucracy. Third, agencification has followed the old system of hierarchical accountability with little say from the citizens. Fourth, the idea that agency-type APOs are driven by the desire to promote fairness and justice in society is remote from reality. In fact, agency-type APOs in Thailand can be better understood as opportunities for high bureaucrats and government politicians to benefit from the new agency system. Despite all these uniquely Thai development, agency-type APOs are likely to grow in Thailand even more. But it will be a ‘Thai style agencification’