Considering
the higher SOC rates and comparable net GWP and
GHGI
in the MC strategy compared to the conventional chemical
fertilizer
treatment of CF, we conclude that the application of pig
manure
compost substituting half of the conventional chemical
fertilizer
urea can serve as a mitigation strategy. This is practically
feasible
through modification to the current local management
practice.
However, the other proposed organic strategies of SC, SM,
and
SI involving straw returning in the annual rice–wheat rotation
system
require further researches due to their obviously higher
GWP
and GHGI though with higher food production as compared
conventional chemical fertilizer. Alternative straw return
practices
should be taken into accounts.