Has this happened? As above, some cross-national convergence has occurred, leading to lower average rates of inflation and smaller fiscal deficits in both advanced and developing nations. But, when we move beyond these macro-policy indicators, For instance, Brian Burgoon's study of social policy in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) finds that openness to foreign direct and portfolio investment has a generally positive effect on spending for working training and relocation, but a negative effect on total social spending. He also reports smaller, negative relationships between financial openness and health care and family benefits. But the size and the statistical robustness of these relationships is modest. In the developing world, there appear to be greater pressures for policy convergence, and these pressures extend beyond macro-policies to more micro-policies such as the tax structure (the balance of the burden between labour and capital) and the provision of education, health and social security policies.