The percentages of responses collected from personal interviews are shown in Table VII. About 75% of the workers are supposed to lift heavy load during their work. This kind of jab requirement with metabolic heat production also makes considerable addition to heat stress. Around 85% of the workers reported unnecessary tiredness (various levels) after working. About 80% workers reported heavy sweating during work hours along with water intake of more than 4 litters /day and overall level of sweating was 3.75 (on five point rating scale). Subjective data also revealed that 85% of the workers do not take glucose/salt with water during work schedule. It is very obvious that mere water intake without salt or glucose etc. is not sufficient to compensate the sweat (salt) losses. Although management of few units had offered to provide lemon and salt water in place of tea but the worker preferred to take tea instead of salt, lemon or glucose water. Interviews with workers revealed that un-necessary tiredness is very common and more among the workers engaged in i) forging, ii) transferring hot work piece from furnace to forger, iii) moulder, iv) molten metal pouring man, v) cupola and induction furnace workers. The extent of tiredness was less in case of workers engaged in grinding, gas cutting/welding, tool room, maintenance and quality check. Hence workers engaged in forging and moulding sections, cupola/ induction furnace are more prone to high level of heat stress since these workers are doing heavy work with very high WBGT index as compared to permissible criteria (Table VI). Consequently majority of the workers have reported unnecessary tiredness after working hours; the chronic effect the same can lead to heat stroke and overall health degradation of workers. Almost 75% workers were aware about the benefits of using personal protective equipments (PPE). The 85 % workers reported that management do not bother about whether the worker is wearing PPE or not since the management of SSI is entirely focused upon executing the orders and shipments. The majority of the workers (85%) work > 8 hrs/day with additional over time of 12-24 hrs/week which is a major factor contributing towards heat and noise exposure of 25-50% more than the NIOSH/ OSHA norms. The prevailing performance standards in SSI generally do not include sufficient rest allowances. As far as the noise effects are concerned speech interference was experienced by 95% workers where as 5% of the workers reported always annoyed, 15% often, 42% sometime, 10% workers feel seldom annoyed and 28% never felt annoyed with high noise levels. The less percent of high annoyance could be due to the two reasons first the workers accepted the noise as a part of their job, secondly the increasing adaptability with the increasing exposure to high noise levels. The whole data reveals that, the workers engaged in various processes of casting and hot forging processes of SSI units are highly exposed heat stress. The management of the SSI are not emphasizing on occupational health and safety measures but more concentrated on fetching more orders from the customers and overall production. The managements of these units are ignoring the health and safety issues by not giving due significance to health & safety of an individual of worker. The management of a SSI should be emphasized on the fact that only a healthy worker can give better quality with best output than any unhealthy worker and thus provide health and safety to each worker. The overall heat exposure of casting worker is relatively higher than the forging workers. The workers of casting processes mainly ignore the noise hazards and thus the use of protective equipments (Fig. 4). Data also reveals that most of workers are not wearing personal protective equipments (PPE) in both casting and forging units (Fig. 1), only 25% of the workers are wearing dungaree, 55% of the workers were not using gloves, 65% of the workers reported not using eye protection (goggles). As far as the use of gum shoes or boots is concerned, only 25% workers were using it, at the same time nose mask was used by 40% workers. The ear protection was found to be the least preferred or ever used PPE, and only to 12% workers are using it. The reasons for not using PPE are shown in Table VII that, 35% workers feel uncomfortable, 10% workers are not habitual of wearing the same, 30% workers admitted their own negligence and 25% workers were not being provided the PPE. Whatever the reason may be that workers do not use PPE but it is quite obvious that the majority of the workers are directly exposed to temperature / heat radiations and noise. The majority of the workers in small scale casting and forging units work under the contractors and they are not provided protective equipment. This is also very true that workers do not expect much health and safety care from the management; rather they have accepted hazards conditions as a part of their job as well as life.