Most of the mammalian HA are found in the skin
where it serves as a matrix. HA is essential for maintaining the normal structure of the stratum corneum and
conserve epidermal barrier functions. HA also plays a series of other important roles in the skin, for example, in
immobilizing water in tissue, and influencing cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue repair. Due to a high
water binding capacity, HA often contributes to the
maintenance of the extracellular dermal matrix and
facilitates the transport of water-soluble molecules and
ion solutes. The highly osmotic nature of HA is likely to
be relevant in controlling tissue hydration during inflammatory processes (Weindl et al. 2004). A study by
Pavicic et al. (2011) involving 76 female subjects aged
between 30 and 60 years showed significant (P < 005)
improvement in skin hydration and elasticity upon topical application of 01% HA for 60 days. The authors also
reported that application of low-molecular-weight HA
resulted in a significant (P < 005) reduction in wrinkle
depth, attributed to better penetration.