the reason for adventuring shifted from the necessary by-products of searching for scientific knowledge [land and wealth ] to reason related to an individual 's own personal desires. Adventure become a legitimate quest for its own sake, or an end in itself rather than a means to an end (Ewert 1989:26).
Mountains were climbed and wild rivers navigated, purely for the experience and to determined one 's strength and abilities. It debatable whether adventure was only a by-products of travel in earlier times, as claimed by Ewert, rather than also a primary motive. However, until the end of the 19th century, outdoor adventure recreation did not have the widespread acceptance it would gain in the following decades. All this bears on the question of how adventure recreation relates to adventure tourism. As mentioned earlier, the former has long been accepted as the integral part of the latter. Hall and Weiler 's defintion of adventure tourism represents one of the most frequently cited definitions on the subject :
Abroad spectrum of outdoor touristic activities, often commercialized and involving an interaction with the natural environment away from the participant 's home range and containing elements of risk; in which the outcome is influenced by the participant, setting, and management of the touristic experience (1992:143).