To achieve novel and better antibacterial products, the hemicellulose-based hydrogel-Ag nanoparticle is developed in the present investigation. More importantly, the abundant hydroxyl groups on the hemicellulose chains enable it to be chemically modified. Oxidized hemicelluloses are likely to react with chitosan to form an imine linkage (Schiff-Base).(32) The characterization of a dialdehyde hemicelluloses/chitosan network was conducted with FT-IR and NMR. Ag nanoparticles were reduced from a solution of silver nitrate by the aldehyde group of oxidized hemicelluloses, and the structure and morphology of the Ag nanoparticle-containing hybrid hydrogel were detected by TEM, SEM, FT-IR, and NMR. The hydrogel was used to challenge cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.