Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) affects the foliage at all growth stages and fruit of a wide range of cucurbitaceous hosts. Symptoms can be initially observed on cucurbit seedlings, between five and eight days after planting; depending on the environmental conditions. For most cucurbits initial seedling symptoms include water-soaking on the undersides of cotyledons (Figure 2). High relative humidly during early morning hours can lead to natural water congestion of cotyledons that can mimic BFB seedling symptoms. However, unlike natural water congestion, BFB-associated lesions have a greasy appearance and persist under dry conditions, i.e., observable after mid-day (Figure 3). Water-soaked lesions start as discrete spots but then coalesce and extend along the veins of cotyledons. Lesions can extend along stems to tissues of true leaves and in severe cases they can cause seedlings to collapse and die in a "damping-off fashion." Water-soaked lesions eventually dry to form elongated, dark to reddish-brown lesions that develop on and along cotyledon veins (Figure 4). Similar symptoms are produced on melon (Figure 5) and other cucurbit seedlings.