This chapter first traces the essential principles upon which liberal citizenship is conceived. These principles speak to the nature of individuals, groups, civil society, the state, and supranational regimes, and to the relationships among them. The chapter then considers certain problematics of liberal citizenship – the challenges that confound it conceptually, politically, and institutionally. These challenges arise out of enduring social conditions, including the privatistic and materialistic tendencies of liberal citizens, the inequalities endemic even to relatively egalitarian liberal societies, the decentralizing tendencies of pluralistic politics, and the permeability, incapacities, and attempted neutrality of liberal states. The chapter concludes with a brief and frankly normative assessment of the aspirations and achievements of liberal citizenship.