The Kassites continued to rule Mesopotamia for several centuries. In 1235 BC, however, a dual invasion of Babylonia by Assyria and Elam led to the Assyrians installing their own governors as rulers of Babylon. Assyria immediately entered a period of political instability, with a series of palace coups, and the Kassite-Babylonians soon revolted (1227) and restored their independence. Elam remained a threat, however, and in 1160 BC invaded Babylonia again. They did so with a huge army, and plundered southern Mesopotamia mercilessly. Many Mesopotamian masterpieces were taken away to Susa, the capital of Elam. The last Kassite king was ousted from his throne in 1157 BC, and Babylon occupied by Elam