The traditional concept of strong
and safe energy systems (i.e. ‘hard’ resilience) must be accompanied by strategies
to prevent and/or absorb potential failures, and ensure rapid recovery after
a hazardous event (i.e. ‘soft’ resilience). This expanded concept incorporates smarter,
not just stronger, solutions into the design and operation of energy systems. Blackstarting
capabilities, that is to say the ability to start a system independently after
blackouts, of critical system functions is a key component of this concept. Similarly,
systems must allow for partial system failure while ensuring they maintain basic
functions, as a way to control impact.
2 ENCOURAGE DIVERSITY IN ALL INTERRELATED SECTORS: Diversity increases