H. pylori-induced inflammation is associated with the
development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric
cancer in humans. Fiocca et al. purified H. pylori OMVs
from strain 60190 and CCUG 17874. VacA toxin, one of the most important virulence factors produced by H. pylori,
was immunolocalized in those vesicles. Moreover, the vesicles
were internalized by MKN28 cells as well as detected
in the gastric mucosa from H. pylori-infected humans.
In such a scenario, OMVs may represent a mechanism,
additional to secretory pathways, for the delivery of bacterial
toxins and antigens to the gastric mucosa