2. Future e co-existence of large scale rural-urban migration and r. s of urban poverty and unemploy d some analysts to question the link between urban job opportunities and migration. Todaro (1969) suggested that this apparent paradox could be explained by migrants taking a longer-term view of a prospective improvement in their standard of 13 People to will- living. were seen be ing to endure short-term difficulties in the hope of better prospects of economic gain and d welfare in the longer term, even if only for their children. 3. right lights. The social attractions of the city have been suggested as a non-economic factor to explain rural-urban migration. However, most migrants do not have the financial means to avail themselves of the cits tions. h the hugh lights: may influence a migrant's choice among several po des- tinations, the concept does not explain the ini tia ecision to migrate. In addition, for many migrants the bustle of the city presents an intimidating that holds fewer environment attractions than their familiar home com munity (Box 23.1)