There have been a number of criticisms of GPI . These include that the GPI:
1) uses inappropriatevaluation methods to estimate some GPI items;
2) assumes that human-made capital and natural capital are substitutes;
3) includes some important welfare-related items but overlooks others, such as the benefits of political freedom;
4) is subjective in its choice of components to include
5) lacks a solid theoretical basis. These criticisms are addressed in turn below.