o PHONAUTOGRAPH (1857)
1. Invented by Leon Scott (1817-1879)
2. Visibly recorded sound vibrations on blackened paper History of Sound
o PHONOGRAPH (1877)
1. Invented by Thomas Edison (1847-1931)
2. Fruit of experiments to develop a telephone signal repeater
3. Edison foresaw many uses such as the answering machine, dictation
4. Built with tinfoil cylinder as recording medium History of Sound
o PHONOGRAPH (1877)
5. A.G. Bell patented the Gramophone using a wax cylinder (1881)
6. Emil Berliner developed a flat disc for recording (1887)
7. By 1900 the standard was a shellac disc spinning at 78 rpm,
allowed mass production of discs History of Sound
o PHONOGRAPH (1877)
8. Western Electric developed the electric pickup (1918)
9. Sawyer created the crystal (piezoelectric) pickup (1931)
10. DC motors replaced by rim-drive system, increasing quality (1938)
11. Shellac replaced with vinyl plastic, allowed smaller groove and
higher speeds, 45 and 33 1/3 rpm (1944)
12. Stereo sound developed (1957) History of Sound