Some researchers have tried to disaggregate article quality from journal reputation. Smith (2004) takes
the approach of distinguishing between top articles and articles published in top journals. Using citation
records for fifteen finance journals, he shows that the intrinsic value of articles has to be examined more
closely in order to avoid confusion between article quality and journal ranking. C.N.V. Krishnan and Bricker
(2004) disaggregate an article's citation record into two components: one inherent to the article's quality and
the other one due to the journal's added value. They use author and school reputation to proxy for article
quality and variables, such as journal age and editorial board characteristics, to measure the journal's
contribution.