Sender and Receiver – The receiver is the person or group with whom the sender attempts to share ideas. Marketers want a response, the reactions of the receiver, after being exposed to the message: for example, a consumer receiving the message about the new product.
Encode – The source encodes or translates ideas into a message. For example, a brand manager decides to promote a new product.
Message – After defining the target market, the marketer designs an effective message that will achieve the communication objectives.
Decode – The receiver decodes or interprets the message. For a message to be decoded by a receiver the way it was intended by the sender, the sender and receiver need to have common experiences. In other words, a receiver may not decode a message the way it was intended to if her background and experience differ greatly from the sender’s. A marketer has to be sensitive to the intended audience.
Noise – Noise interferes with or disrupts effective communication. This can include a poor television or radio signal.
Feedback – Feedback is monitoring and evaluating how accurately the intended message is being received. This can be done by conducting market research. Essentially, this involves asking consumers if they have seen the message, if they recall the message, and what their attitude was towards the product.