As shown in Fig. 1, distinctive surface morphologies were observed among the different noodles. One hundred percent rice flour noodles had a rough surface, with some bubbles distributed throughout. A similar morphology was found for noodles made from rice flour incorporated with retrograded debranched starch, but with some different features in that the noodles containing retrograded debranched starch displayed a rougher surface, much fewer bubbles and numerous small pores. Noodles made from rice flour with native and cross-linked canna starches had a number of swollen rice starch granules embedded in a smooth surface; canna starch granules were not observed. The surface of noodles made from rice flour with retrograded starch was rougher than those containing native and cross-linked canna starches, but smoother than noodles with retrograded debranched starch; relatively large pores were also found on the surface. These appearances are related to the composition as well as the physicochemical properties of the individual starches.