The separation of politics and administration advocated by Wilson continues to play a significant role in public administration today.
However, the dominance of this dichotomy was challenged by second generation scholars, beginning in the 1940s.
Luther Gulick's fact-value dichotomy was a key contender for Wilson's proposed politics-administration dichotomy.
In place of Wilson's first generation split, Gulick advocated a seamless web of discretion and interaction