4.2. Countermeasure
In order to avoid such dust explosion by toner cartridge in manufacture and recycling process, the following
countermeasures are recommended.
1) Most important thing is to reduce existence amount of toner in working area: that is, to clean toner often in
working space, duct tube et al., where sometimes toner piled, because toner exploded even it is small
concentration.
2) Then ignition source should be taken out because the lowest ignition energy of toner is very small. For example
worker should use steel-too-boot. Electric equipment at treatment area should be high level explosion-proof
type.
3) Reduction of oxygen concentration of ambient of treatment area of toner and duct to about 16% (vol.) is
important. Incombustible gas is used, but also water vapour is useful.
4) Buildings where toner is treated, should have explosion release such as light roof, which mitigate damage of
explosion.
5) At recycling facility, more careful treatment is needed because there are various toner particles which size is
wider range than that of new toner. And there are many ignition source in recycled facilities, compared with
manufacture process.
6) Training and education of workers are important to understand of danger of toner. Especially workers at
recycling facilities may not have enough knowledge even recycling facilities have much potential to cause fire
and explosion.
4.2. Countermeasure
In order to avoid such dust explosion by toner cartridge in manufacture and recycling process, the following
countermeasures are recommended.
1) Most important thing is to reduce existence amount of toner in working area: that is, to clean toner often in
working space, duct tube et al., where sometimes toner piled, because toner exploded even it is small
concentration.
2) Then ignition source should be taken out because the lowest ignition energy of toner is very small. For example
worker should use steel-too-boot. Electric equipment at treatment area should be high level explosion-proof
type.
3) Reduction of oxygen concentration of ambient of treatment area of toner and duct to about 16% (vol.) is
important. Incombustible gas is used, but also water vapour is useful.
4) Buildings where toner is treated, should have explosion release such as light roof, which mitigate damage of
explosion.
5) At recycling facility, more careful treatment is needed because there are various toner particles which size is
wider range than that of new toner. And there are many ignition source in recycled facilities, compared with
manufacture process.
6) Training and education of workers are important to understand of danger of toner. Especially workers at
recycling facilities may not have enough knowledge even recycling facilities have much potential to cause fire
and explosion.
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