: Fifty-two patients completed the study (29 for the massage and 23 for the control). The overall mean
internal rotation ROM increased significantly in the massage group compared to the control (54.9° v.s. 34.9°; P ≤
0.001). There were 21 patients in the responsive group and 8 in the nonresponsive group. Among the factors,
duration of symptoms, functional score, and posterior deltoid tightness were significant predictors of effectiveness
of massage