To prepare the dough, eggs (40 g) were first beaten with a hand mixer. Next, sugar (45 g) was added and mixed on high speed for 5 min with a Kitchen Aid mixer . Melted butter (15 g) was then added to the egg and sugar mixture which was then combined with the dry ingredients of 100 g of wheat or soy flour, 4 g of nonfat dry milk, 3 g of baking powder, and 0.5 g of salt. HPMC powder was combined with the dry ingredients. The resulting dough was kneaded in a mixing bowl for 1 min. For the W, S, and SH samples, the dough was proofed at 22 °C for 30 min, then rolled to 1 cm thick, and shaped with a donut mold (diameter 3 cm). For the SHC sample, after kneading the dough, the dough was first rolled and shaped, then coated with an HPMC solution (0.06 g HPMC in 6.25 g water) using a brush to the top and sides of the sample. The dough was allowed to proof at 22 °C for 30 min. The dough was deep fried in 1.5 L of soy oil heated to 170 °C. The dough was fried for 2 min on each side for a total of 4 min until it became golden brown on the outside and well cooked on the inside. The fried donuts were then drained on the strainer for 30 min at room temperature.