The initial development of the long form ICEQ, which is discussed in detail in Rentoul & Follser (1979) and Fraser (1980), was guided by several criteria. First, dimensions chosen characterized the class-room learning environment described in recent individualized curriculum materials and in the literature of individualized education, including open and inquiry-based classrooms (Rathbone, 1971; Walberg & Thomas, 1972; Weisgerber, 1971). Second, extensive interviewing of teachers and secondary school students ensured that the ICEQ's dimensions and individual items were considered salient by teachers and students. Third, in order to achieve economy in answering and processing, the ICEQ was designed to have a relatively small number of reliable scales, each containing a fairly small number of items.