2.4. Determination of liposome protection A solution containing the lecithin (580 mg) and phosphate buf- fer (58 ml, 10 mM, pH 7.4) was sonicated by an ultrasonic cleaner (Branson 8210, Branson ultrasonic Corporation, Danbury, CT, USA) in an ice-cold water bath for 2 h. The sonicated solution was added to produce a final mixture with a concentration of 3.12 HM Fecia. 125 HM ascorbic acid and samples (0.1-0.5 mg/ml). The mixture method (Huang, Chu, Juang, & Wang, 2010). The absorbance of the sample group was read at 532 nm against a blank, which con- tained all reagents except lecithin. A lower level of absorbance indicated a stronger protective activity of samples.