Calf losses were assigned to categories using all notes and available information. In the same manner, information was used to assign categories to those cows that exited (died or were culled) the project prior to the abrupt termination after 2012 weaning. Sire breed-dam breed proportions of calf losses (and also cow age categories of calf deaths) and cows removed from the project were tested against 2 Χ expectation using the FREQ procedures of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Cow survival was assessed using the LIFETEST and PHREG procedures of SAS; records of cows remaining in the herd at the project’s end were right-censored.